Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Tuesday, October 18, 2011
Typography
Source: http://naldzgraphics.net/tips/what-designers-need-to-know-about-typography/
As a designer, you would always use type in your works. Hence, it is important for you to know the basics of typography. Typography is a central component of design and one of the primary ways of communication. This has been passed from generations and has undergone various improvements. To date, there are thousands of typefaces and fonts that can be found in the internet. Its usage has evolved and is one of the important things in design, business and marketing.
Typography is the arrangement of type for different uses. It could relay different messages aside the words itself. The mere choice of typefaces and its arrangement can greatly affect an entire design. The first step to use typography effectively is to know the basics. You wouldn’t be able to use it well if you are not fully equipped with the basic knowledge of typography. So, before we post other articles on typography, let us deal with the basics first. Here are some things that you need to know about typography:
1. Type families.
This is important for you wouldn’t be able to recognize fonts and their types if you are not aware of this. Since you are a designer and you use type in your designs, you need to have apt knowledge on this.
Every font style has different type families. It could be Condensed Bold, Condensed Black, UltraLight, UltraLight Italic, Light, Light Italic, Regular, Roman, Italic, Extended or Combined Styles.
2. Typeface.
Type face is usually mistaken with font. But they are different. Fonts refers to a specific member of a type family if it is roman, boldface, etc while a typeface refers to the consistent visual appearance or style of a font. You need to select typefaces that suit the theme of your design.Typeface is divided into two main categories, the Serif Font and the Sans Serif Font.
Serif Fonts
Serifs are small lines at the ends of character strokes. Serif fonts are font styles with serifs at every character. These are usually used in books for it guides the eyes from letter to letter.
Sans Serif Fonts
Meanwhile, a San Serif doesn’t use a serif. It is usually used in magazine headlines and inwebsites for it is easier to read in the computer screen.
3. Kerning, Tracking and Letter Spacing.
Since you already know about fonts, its families and the typefaces, you need to be aware of these three things now for it affects how a reader will look into your design. Tracking is adjusting the space between all of the letters simultaneously. Kerning involves reducing the spaces in between two letters while letter spacing is increasing the spaces between two letters. This is could be a little detail but would affect the whole design if you won’t give it proper attention. Spaces are very important to direct a reader’s eye. If your letters are too crowded, it won’t be interesting to read at and it will look heavy to the reader’s eye.
4. Leading.
This refers to the amount of space between the lines in a text. This is referred in CSS as line-height. This is measured from a baseline to another baseline. You should be aware of this for it greatly affects how readable your text will be. When leading is decreased, the lines of letters get closer to each other making it appear more compact. Letters tend to collide. If you increase the leading, it can reduce the pace of the text and could let the readers pause due the white spaces. Although, more leading can relax one’s eye, it can mislead the reader’s eye sometimes. Too much leading can cause continuity problems. Hence, you should know if your leading is right or not. Put yourself in the reader’s shoes and you’ll get the right leading.
5. Size.
The use of different sizes will affect the design and the message of the design. But you’ll find it really important to use different sizes to give emphasis to some parts of the design. For instance, in a newspaper, headlines are always bigger that the text for the news story. On the other hand, banner headlines which are used for the most important news story, are bigger than the other headlines in the paper. Same as in designing, you will find it helpful to use various font sizes.
6. Alignment.
This might look less important but it is not. It is one of the most important things to consider when you use type. To know which kind of alignment to use, you have to consider readability first and the design aesthetics. When you use an alignment, be consistent all throughout the design. If you use center alignment for your headline, do that for the rest of the pages. If you use mixed alignment, it will confuse the readers and might not even continue reading for it is now an eye distraction. Now, let us take a look at the different alignments:
Ads
Flush Left
Flush Left (or Ragged Right). Text is aligned to the left and is one of the biggest factors for improved readability. Since, we read from left to right, this is really effective.
Flush Right
Flush Right (or Ragged Left). Text is aligned to the right and could be used to highlight some parts of the text. It can slow down one’s reading for we are used to read from left to right.
Justified Alignment
Justified. Text at the start and end are aligned to left and right. This looks clean similar to fitting all the letters inside a box, although, sometimes other people find it hard to read for there isn’t a visual cue on when the text line will stop.
Centered Alignment
Centered. Text is aligned to the center. Make good use of this for if used properly, it can make your work look elegant. Wedding invitations use centered alignments to express elegance. If you do not use it well, it may create confusion to the readers.
7. Choosing secondary fonts.
Since you wouldn’t be using a single font in your design, make sure to choose a good secondary font that will still jive with your primary font. Make sure to use different fonts to avoid visual confusion but you also have to see to it that there is a good combination. Your design will look funny and odd if you do not choose your secondary font well.
8. Font communication.
Like colors, fonts also relay a different message depending on its typeface. Every font communicates a different attribute to a reader. Some look masculine while others look feminine. There are also some scary looking fonts while some are elegant looking. Choose which one suits your design. Your font choice can speak for itself.
9. Typography art.
Aside from using typography in books, posters and others, it is even more effective when used in art. You’ll be amazed how some designers played with type and made a totally unique and beautiful design that will make you love typography. There are various ways of using type. You can even alter fonts if you want and add some swirls, textures and others which will make your design livelier.
10. Look for inspiration.
As always, looking at other’s work could give you more idea and inspiration in using type. Look at posters, brochures, logos, websites and others and figure out how they use type. You can get a lot of ideas from their work. Study existing examples and start with your own.
You can see type anywhere every day. You can see it in the TV, in billboards, in magazines, in cars and in many other places. Type is everywhere and you could never get away from it especially that you are a designer.
Bear in mind that what we mentioned here are merely guides for you to make use of typography. Some people even opt to break the rules but still make a great design. But also remember that before breaking rules, you need to have a good understanding of it first. After understanding, you can now play the rules and come up with your own work. Enjoy using type and you’ll learn to really love it!
Composition
With today's high-tech pro cameras and IS and VR lenses, learning to take perfectly sharp, expertly exposed photographs is a snap. There are thousands of technically perfect photographs in print and on the web and it seems there are as many talented amateurs emerging every day. But there is a notable difference in the work of a photographer who takes the time to think about the composition of their image. The composition sets the mood for the shot and tells the story. Compositions can be used to evoke powerful emotional responses in a viewer, a goal for many photographers, but something that is achieved by few.
In order to create a technically good, visually pleasing photograph it would make sense that a photographer have a solid understanding of both the technical and aesthetic sides of photography. The ability to intertwine the two is what propels the work of masters like John Shaw and Galen Rowell far above the seas of documentary shots.
I have always felt that the best way to improve composition skills is to first learn how to see compositions. Try to see the compositional elements in every photograph you can find. Look at the lines in the image. Do they work together or against each other? How does your eye travel around through the image? Does it flow smoothly from one thing to the next or jump all around in the image? Look for space distribution, color, mood, perspective, depth, light and time of day, shapes, etc. How did the photographer use major components of the image like light and shadow, shape and form, background and foreground?
Below I have created what I call "composition maps." They are photographs that I have marked in Photoshop highlighting various aspects of the composition. I use them as visual teaching aides to break images down to their basic parts and see the underlying composition. There are many aspects of these photos that could be addressed such as quality and direction of light, patterns and repetition, balance, weight, shape vs. form, negative space, perspective, contrast, etc. The list goes on but there is not enough space to put it in writing here, so I focused on one compositional element for each graphic.
In this image I highlighted the spacing in the image and how it could be viewed on The Rule of Thirds grid:
Here we examine only the lines in the image:
Many other maps discussing different highlights could be drawn for a single photograph. I recommend practicing at home with your own photographs. Studying compositions builds good design skills even though you are not actively designing the image. Seeing is half of the art of photography and this exercise will help you to recognize that prize-winning shot when you have it in your viewfinder.
If you keep composition in mind when in the field, it will eventually become second nature to you. It will go from being a source of uncertainty to a powerful tool that will enable you to speak to the world through your images, exactly how you want and on your own terms.
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